Exploring Whether or not Profanity in Music is Corrupting...

Profanity in music, is it a problem that must be addressed now or is it even a problem that we as a society have the power to fix. There have been many different arguments on the topic of profanity in music, however the question remains should music be censored. In Robert T. M. Phillips’ address to congress he insists that we must act now to protect our society from the damaging effects of explicit music. Becky L. Tatum argues in her article â€Å"The Link Between Rap Music and Youth Crime and Violence† that the effects of rap music are basically unknown and extensive research must be conducted before causal assumptions are made. Martha Bayles suggest in her article â€Å"The Perverse in the Popular, that society is attracted to evils or negatives†¦show more content†¦Communication Theorists want the public protected from the lyrics that could alter there way of thinking. Cultural Studies seem to see think that the shocking aspects of entertainment are a neces sary evil. Then there is Traditional Philosophy, that seem to dismiss popular culture altogether. Communication Theory is based on Marshall McLuhan’s hypothesis that the medium is the message or that the media has the power to retool the human sensorium and change human consciousness. W. Russell Neuman found that most humans are resistant toward any message that dose not fit the makeup of the mind receiving it. The optimist and the pessimist of Communication Theory totally contradict each other. It seems that Bayles introduces her readers to the Communication theorist and both sides of the argument to discredit the theory altogether. Bayles then moves on to the field of Cultural Studies. Cultural Studies focuses on the political and social impacts of the media. Its academic practitioners place all works on the same level, as specimens to be analyzed, not evaluated. However that does not stop them from making judgments of value. As Bayles points out, Cultural Studies apply their own standards, which begin with the assumption that all cultural products are ultimately about power and possess value only to the degree that they attack the established social order. Bayles then discusses Traditional Philosophy, atShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIntegrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation 226 Summary and Implications for Managers 228 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Confident Am I in My Abilities to Succeed? 202 Myth or Science? â€Å"The Support of Others Improves Our Chances of Accomplishing Our Goals† 204 S A L An Ethical Choice Motivated to Behave Unethically 209 glOBalization! Autonomy Needs Around the Globe 210 Self-Assessment Library What Are My Course Performance Goals? 214 Point/Counterpoint Fear Is a Powerful

Language, Exemplar, And Goodness Of Fit - 1579 Words

Language, Exemplar, and Goodness of Fit Although it is clear that human language is a very different communication system than those of other species. The jury is still out on the issue of whether language is a really a system different from other human cognitive systems. The status of language is a major issue for cognitive psychology. Human Language The ability to separate the essential aspects of human language from the properties of a particular language can shed light on how language is developed and where the differences come from. A principle feature of human language is the duality of patterning. It enables us to use our language in a very economic way for a virtually infinite production of linguistic units. All human language have a small limited set of speech sounds. The human brain has featured strongly associated with language. The human language contains discrete units, which would serve to disqualify the bee language system. Humans require a language to have discrete units is not just an arbitrary regulation to disqualify. The discreteness enables the elements of the language to be combined into an almost infinite number of phrase structures and for these phrase structures to be transformed. It is a striking fact that all people in the world, even those in isolated communities, speak a language. No other species spontaneously use a communication system anything like human language. All reasonable people would concede that there is some special connectionShow MoreRelatedHow Is It Related Everyday Life?1133 Words   |  5 Pagescategorization. 2. How is it related to everyday life? We use the capacity of categorization in our life every day. We use it to solve problems (i.e. what kind of question it is), organize perception (i.e. noticing our surroundings), understand languages (i.e. ambiguity solution), explain things, make predictions, reason, and communicate. The problem of categorization, therefore, is the most fundamental problem of cognitive science. 3. Different Models on Categorization How are objects placed intoRead MoreMission Statement And Philosophy Of Special Education6049 Words   |  25 Pagescreate a transformative experience for students at an age when their identities, goals and aspirations are being built within and around them; and to cultivate in them the belief that they create their own destinies: each one worthy of greatness and goodness, each one capable of – and responsible for – serving the community and the world around them. Philosophy on Special Education All teachers are special education teachers. It is the core belief of our teachers, special educators, administrationRead MoreProcess of Operations Strategy7608 Words   |  31 Pages |Management involvement and |Seen as being stronger on | |conform to specification but |commitment are stressed |control systems than on the | |would not be fit to use. Juran | |human dimension in | |was concerned about | |organisations Read MoreSMSC12647 Words   |  51 Pagesbelief, moral neutrality or indifference, force, fanaticism, aggression, greed, injustice, narrowness of vision, self-interest, sexism, racism and other forms of discrimination an appreciation of the intangible - for example, beauty, truth, love, goodness, order, as well as for mystery, paradox and ambiguity a respect for insight as well as knowledge and reason an expressive and/or creative impulse an ability to think in terms of the whole for example, concepts such as harmony, interdependenceRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageswork as a means of orienting the reader and framing the action that is to follow. The quality of the language by which the author projects the setting provides another clue as to his or her intention. When that intention is to invest the setting with a photographic vividness that appeals essentially to the reader’s eye, the details of the setting will be rendered through language the language that is concrete and denotative. The author will pile specific detail on top of specific detail in an attemptRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesreexamine the extent of their relevance to the real experience of the poor, black members of their congregations, they owe a great debt to Rastafarianism for reminding them of the cultural history of race in religion. If Jamaicans have evolved a language that is willing to see in itself a quality of resistance and creativity that challenges the control of the colonial structure, it owes much of this to the music of the Rastafarians and to the way that it has transformed the way Jamaicans view themselvesRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesa brand is perceived. 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The Privilege For False Privilege - 1597 Words

1. Does the absolute privilege for statements made in judicial proceedings protect defamatory statements made in letters to a judge submitted into evidence at a criminal trial? 2. Does the qualified privilege to publish to someone who shares a common interest or in defense of the interest of others apply when a party in a criminal matter solicited individuals to submit letters to a judge attesting to the party’s character? II. Brief Answers 1. Likely yes. Because the statements were related to judicial proceedings, and there was an opportunity to challenge the veracity of the statements, any defamatory statements contained therein are likely protected by the absolute privilege for statements made in judicial proceedings. 2. Perhaps. It†¦show more content†¦Peck, 43 Md. App. 168, 173 (1979). This doctrine has a fascinating history beginning on June 13, 1888, when the Court of Appeals decided three cases involving this privilege on the same day. One case involved statements made by an attorney in the course of judicial proceedings, Maulsby v. Reifsnider, 69 Md. 143 (1888), another involved statements by a witness providing testimony, Hunckel v. Voneiff, 69 Md. 179 (1888), and the final involved statements made by party-litigants in a case, Bartlett v. Christhilf, 69 Md. 219 (1888). The theme that emerged from these three cases is that when a witness is providing testimony to the court, that witness should be answerable only to the court, and not to third parties, for untrue statements by means of the power find someone guilty of perjury. Under these three cases, then, it would appear that the privilege would only apply to statements made under the penalty of perjury. As such—under this 1888 rule—the doctrine would not likely apply because the letters submitt ed to the court would not likely be punishable by perjury. In Kennedy v. Cannon, 229 Md. 92, 96 (1962), however, the Court of Appeals extended the 1888 rule to apply to a witness in any â€Å"pleadings, affidavits, depositions, andShow MoreRelatedLaw Firms Face Technological Minefield For Preserve Legal Professional Privilege : True Or False?1314 Words   |  6 PagesLaw Firms Face Technological Minefield to Preserve Legal Professional Privilege – True or False? True. But not entirely, as legal practice managers can turn the answer around. Let me explain, and then you can make up your own mind. Electronic communications could pose a risk – true Lawyers and their clients communicate frequently. In this world of advanced technology, these communications no longer take place just through good old letters or via a simple phone call. They now take place largelyRead MoreLibel: Gregory V. 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There are many aspects of whiteness; in this essay, I will argue that the two most important features are the absence of knowledge of the issue on the part of white people and stereotype consequences. A key point in racism is whiteness, and

Perceptions of Sex Crimes Investigators †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss anout the Perceptions of Sex Crimes Investigators. Answer: Introduction: The Forensic science mostly deals with the examination that are performed in public by the experts. It is closely tied with scientific methods that is used in solving crime cases. Now days it has become essential part of the judicial system. As when cases arrives related to life and death, forensic evidences plays a crucial role. Here key evidence in criminal cases may have come from witness or other subjective means from the past, but forensic always relies on objective evidences (Dror et al. 2013). In the judicial system, accuses remains innocent until proven guilty by the evidences and law. Thus, both the defense and prosecution in many court cases now regularly use it. The recent analysis on contextual bias has discovered that the examiners subjective decision and observation can be misled by excessive information and influences. As experts are intentionally taking vulnerable and erroneous decision after getting touched with the influential people. Thus the objectives are always tends to be hampered due to minor influences that leads experts to develop management expectation about the outcomes of the examination (Buckleton et al. 2016). Thus, there is a biasness due to wishful thinking, self-fulfilling prophecies, traditional values and belief perseverance. These biases work unconsciously without any wrongful intentions on an examiner. Thus these factors are not deliberate or due to incompetence. However, these factors are sincere and thus it affects dedicated forensic experts. These influences generally comes from different sources. There is a major role of the investigator as the theory of the case are in charge of him and at same time, his work is to provide information necessary and relatable to the experiment. Example of biasness includes communication between the colleagues working on the same experiment may share their results from each others work or from the transmittal letters that accompany evidences can induces a biasness in expecting the experiment outcome or acts as tunnel view if the case contains irrelevant information regarding the experiment (Quick and Choo 2014). There are many examples of contextual bias in forensics that occurred in recent times. A case related to Brandon Mayfield is an example of contextual bias. A bombing case occurred in the year 2004 where erroneous latent fingerprinting identification was undertaken. The United State Federal Bureau took the charge of investigation after Spanish police gave the necessary information related to case like dormant fingerprinting found from the plastic bag. The FBI surely identified Brandon Mayfield, as the criminal was a bomber. This experiment of identification was further clearly justified by the finger printing experts and other FBI agents that was appointed by the court itself. The methods of identifying the criminal was false due to erroneous fingerprinting of the individual and was not due to methodology or technology (O'Leary et al. 2015). It was a high profile case and there was a pressure to solve the case. The primary examiner in matching more characteristics between the prints i nfluenced the case. Subsequent examination was then performed, as the initial result was not withheld during verification stage, as the first examiner was highly respected supervisor. Error also occurred due to overconfidence in being one of the best fingerprinting agencies and urgency of case was also the cause that is related to the knowledge of the suspects spiritual belief and terrorist association. From the above example, it is clearly understood environmental influences can bias results for human hair examination. As criteria for identification of individualism occurs via methodology that is analysis, comparisons, evaluations, verifications. In this case first from of analysis was done based on the fingerprints found at the site of the investigation thus errors took place how contextual bias works. From the experimental study it was clear that as fingerprinting experts came to a decisions from the information provided by the police and critically analyzing it in first form of methods and no other forms of methods were further followed (Coulthard et al. 2016). Another example of contextual bias is the case of Stephan Cowans who become suspected as his name was suggested as someone who sold a hat to a criminal. This may have initially biased the investigation purposes, as it was an extraneous influence all around. Later print was found at home were of perpetrators daughter and mother that was misattributed to Cowans. As cows name was wrongly appeared. After those six years have passed, DNA evidences later rectified Cowans. There was another error committed by the fingerprinting examiner who had done mistake but proceed in the experiment through trail (Ward 2015). In this experiment, results came from the analysis of latent print by observing only the seller who was assumed to be suspected in this case. Later the seller was not found guilty as other processes of comparisons prints were done that passed the final review process, as peer review process was apart that checks the procedure that took place during the experiment. SHIRLEY Mackie case was also an example of contextual bias. Shirley Mackie was detective constable who was arrested in the accusation of falsehood for stating under oath as a crown witness. There a fingerprint was found in the crime scene of murder that was not her prints in that case. The finger printing experts proved this evidence of fingerprinting. Later the result was found to be erroneous. Here in this case the fingerprints were found very similar to the suspects so the experts concluded a positive identification when enough similar characteristics were found. This change in fingerprints may have occurs due to skin disease or with contact of other substances that leaves pattern ridge impression on the surface of the skin (Kukucka and Kassin 2014). Options in forensic Evidences: The Options are considered those measures that are undertaken in order to counter effect the contextual bias. Different aspects of options have been discussed in brief in the later part of the report. Blind Testing is the simplest form of options in forensic science which are used in order to counteract the contextual bias. Here no irrelevant information are given to the experts so that they cannot be influenced by the details. Only necessary information are provided regarding the case during the experiment. It sometimes occurs that important facts are required for execution of examination thus it becomes exposed. Sometimes cases are revealed in order to get the information so that task can be performed (Menaker et al. 2016). However, it requires filter system of information. Sometimes officers removes suggestive domain irrelevant information and form submission and they will help to coordinate the examination. At the time of experiment the beliefs, expectation of police and other personnel are being guarded from the examiner. Blindness to the context will ensure examiner based on the results on actual evidences. Another example is double blind proficiency test which is used to check the quality of performance of forensic laboratory and also assesses the competence of the examiner. Here the both the examiner and the laboratory are being unaware that their performance are being tested. A series of unknown samples that are also unknown to the laboratory and examiner are being sent for the examination management. However, it gives a clear indications of the performance of an examiner and his expertise. Forensic evidences is challenging based on contextual and conformation bias as it will appear in Australian court for justification. In these course of experiment there is diversity in literature and experimental studies as both varies in this regards. Despite of this, flaws courts still relies on the forensic science and has faith upon it (Drake and Adams 2015). It also becomes a challenge to the erroneous results because of extraneous influences that also becomes comprehended ideas to the forensic science. However, it is not uncertain that forensic experts performs an invariable role to the judge or jury. The judge and jury always provides interference regarding the experiment results but it is also agreed that forensic cannot be held only responsible for erroneous results (Vera-Rodriguez et al. 2017). Conclusion: In order to conclude the above discussion in brief it can be said that forensic is that branch of science which deals with investigation of criminal cases. It is an integral portion of our legal system. In recent times, forensic evidences have witnessed quite a few contextual biases that might be unintentional or even intentionally. As it is seen in the above discussion that these bias operate unconsciously and the major elements of these are proved to be prophecies, beliefs, traditional values, etc. These bias deviate the overall outcome of the forensic evidences. As the important cases were discussed which were the cases of Brandon Mayfield, Cowans and Mackie where it was observed that error took place due to biasness, overconfidence and negligibility. In order to overcome these issue certain steps are needed to be undertaken. In relation to the measures that are to be taken in order to overcome these problem the concept of options was discussed which explained several methods that are used to counter effect these biasness. These options include measures like Bling Testing, Double Blind Proficiency Test, etc. which act toward taking corrective decision in the event of any biasness. It was also observed in the discussion that these forensic evidences are always challenging based on contextual biasness. However, it can be stated that the role of forensic science to jury or judge is always incomparable and uniform. Reference Buckleton, J.S., Bright, J.A. and Taylor, D. eds., 2016.Forensic DNA evidence interpretation. CRC press. Coulthard, M., Johnson, A. and Wright, D., 2016.An introduction to forensic linguistics: Language in evidence. Routledge. Drake, S.A. and Adams, N.L., 2015. Three Forensic Nursing Science Simulations.Clinical Simulation in Nursing,11(3), pp.194-198. Dror, I.E., Kassin, S.M. and Kukucka, J., 2013. New application of psychology to law: improving forensic evidence and expert witness contributions.Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition,2(1), pp.78-81. Kukucka, J. and Kassin, S.M., 2014. Do confessions taint perceptions of handwriting evidence? An empirical test of the forensic confirmation bias.Law and Human Behavior,38(3), p.256. Menaker, T.A., Campbell, B.A. and Wells, W., 2016. Use of Forensic Evidence in Sexual Assault Investigations: Perceptions of Sex Crimes Investigators.Violence Against Women. O'Leary, A.E., Oberacher, H., Hall, S.E. and Mulligan, C.C., 2015. Combining a portable, tandem mass spectrometer with automated library searchingan important step towards streamlined, on-site identification of forensic evidence.Analytical Methods,7(8), pp.3331-3339. Quick, D. and Choo, K.K.R., 2014. Data reduction and data mining framework for digital forensic evidence: storage, intelligence, review and archive. Vera-Rodriguez, R., Fierrez, J. and Ortega-Garcia, J., 2017. Dynamic Signatures as Forensic Evidence: A New Expert Tool Including Population Statistics. InHandbook of Biometrics for Forensic Science(pp. 329-349). Springer International Publishing. Ward, T., 2015. An English Daubert? Law, forensic science and epistemic deference.The Journal of Philosophy, Science Law,15(1), pp.26-36.